Racism A Racist Society - 1762 Words

Fifty years ago America was a racist society that implemented segregation among people of color. Webster defines racism as, â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race.† Though it is seemingly clear that we live in a post-racist society, racism has evolved with modern America. Today, relationships between African Americans and Caucasians has improved since the forties and fifties, it is now uncommon to see a black man step off the sidewalk to let a white man walk by, or to see a black man sitting in a different section on the bus or train. Is there a such thing as a post-racist society? However, superiority complex of races†¦show more content†¦The north won the war to abolish slavery and after it ended, the violence grew worse. Hatred, negrobobia, and turmoil birthed the Laws of the Jim Crow. The Jim Crow Laws was beginning to form in Massachusetts, which was a northern state where prejudice was less common. It made way for the separation of blacks and whites. By 1900’s, laws of segregation had been established legalizing the separation all over the country. According to the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments, blacks had the same legal protection as whites. The Supreme Court contradicted this with, â€Å"restrictions† in the South against blacks. Those who supported Jim Crow generally lived in the South, naming it the Jim Crow South. It was believed that whites were above the blacks, in things ranging from intelligence to morality. It was thought that sexual relations between the two races would ruin the nation, and violence could be used on blacks if needed. Segregation spread through, hospitals, beaches, parks, prisons, public restrooms and even water fountains were separated by color of skin. In certain areas, there lacked facilities for co lored people. African Americans were also required to treat whites with respect, where as whites did not have to. In most cases blacks were treated without a shred of humanity. Blacks had to use titles when speaking to whites, they could not eat with the whites, and black men could not offer to shake a

The Setting Of The Story A Rose For Emily - 1889 Words

The setting of the story A Rose For Emily is described to be in a southern type of setting. Also, it is noted that this story was taken place in Jackson Mississippi because of how it talks about the battle of Jackson. This short story was probably after the Civil War occurred because of how it was taken place in the 1880s and 1890s. These are all Southern Gothic elements because southern setting, Civil War, and slavery and race are all traits of how Southern Gothic literature is written. Slavery and race was also in the setting of this book because of how African Americans were still seen as slaves. Tobe - static character - Tobe is important because I believe that he is the narrator of the story and that he observed everything that Miss Emily has ever done. He is the observer and can truly decide if Miss Emma was innocent or truly crazy. Tobe is important to the story because of how he knew Miss Emma very well and he can tell the story from his point of view to tell others the truth about who Miss Emma really was. Miss Emily’s father - static character - Miss Emily’s father is an important character because it shows the abuse that Miss Emily endured and how it shows how crazy she was. She did not want to give up her father even though he was dead and gone. Her father also shows how people were during this time period and how you needed the father’s approval in order to even speak to women like Miss Emma. He was cruel to Miss Emma and did not let her go out with anyoneShow MoreRelatedSetting Analysis of the Story a Rose for Emily1007 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis of the setting of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner’s William Faulkner is one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. Although he was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 he moved to Oxford, Mississippi before his fifth birthday. Faulkner belonged to a once-wealthy family of former plantation owners (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). He spent his boyhood hunting and fishing in and around Lafayette County (eNotes.com, Inc., 2012). William Faulkner based most of his stories and charactersRead MoreComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily1352 Words   |  6 PagesComparing the Setting of Barn Burning to that of A Rose for Emily William Faulkner has written some of the most unique novels and short stories of any author, and, to this day, his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Both â€Å"Barn Burning† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† tell about the life of southern people and their struggles with society, but Faulkner used the dramatic settings of these two stories to create a mood unlike any other and make the audience feel like they too were a part of these southernRead MoreA Rose for Emily889 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Sometimes a Rose is Not a Rose: A Literary Analysis of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner, the negative impact of Emily’s upbringing by an overprotective father, leads to incredible pattern in her life and the obvious mental illness that takes over as she not so graciously ages. While written in five sections, the first and last section is written in present time, and the three middle sectionsRead MoreUses of the Conventions of the Gothic Story in The Yellow Wallpaper and A Rose for Emily1467 Words   |  6 Pagesthe eighteenth century, Gothic story was an extremely popular form of literature, and it has been a major genre since then. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner are both Gothic horror stories consisting madness and suspense. The Gothic horror story carries particular conventions in its setting, theme, point of view, and characterisation. Both Gilman and Faulkner follow the conventions of the Gothic horror story to create fee lings of gloom, mysteryRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily1181 Words   |  5 PagesA Rose for Emily iconic American literature? Faulkner uses setting, theme and plot to show the ways â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is an iconic American literature. Faulkner saw the Forum magazine with his short story he wrote, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and found out that was his first national publication. The Mississippi Writers Page says, â€Å"The man himself never stood taller than five feet, six inches tall, but in the realm of American literature, William Faulkner is a giant† (MWP). In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† theRead MoreIn Literature, There Are Genres. Two Main Genres Are Fiction1350 Words   |  6 Pagesthe imagination† (â€Å"What is the difference†¦?†). It can explain a story in a different point of view, maybe in a way that is out of the norm. Fiction is basically just nonfiction in an exaggerated way. Though fiction may not be based on the facts, it can still resemblance a sense of real life events. â€Å"Fiction may base on stories on actual historical events. Although fictitious characters are presented in a fictitious setting in stories and novels, yet they may have some resemblance with real life eventsRead MoreA Rose For Emily And Barn Burning By William C. Faulkner949 Words   |  4 Pagesunique short stories were written by William C. Faulkner who embodied the Southern sensibility, and to this day his stories continue to be enjoyed by many. Faulkner was born from a rich family who had accumulated wealth before the Civil War, but like many families in the South they had lost all of it during the conflict. His family moved to Oxford, Mississippi which is the basis for the fictional town of Jefferson in most of his stories from Yoknapatawpha County. Faulkner’s stories create a moodRead MoreA Tale of Terror 1087 Words   |  4 Pageseerie settings, and strange events leading up to a horrifying ending are all effective ways in which authors present their readers with a terrifying tale to remember. William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a short story about the odd Emily Grierson, a once well-respected woman in a small southern town, takes readers into a whirlwind of a story leading up to a horrifying discovery about Miss Emily’s secretive demeanor. Through his characterization of Miss Emily, his descriptions of the setting, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoro ughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreThe Importance of Setting in a Rose for Emily884 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Setting in A Rose for Emily. Setting often provides more then just a mere backdrop for the action in the story. It is probably the most important part of the putting together a story. In this story the setting is a reflection of the character as much as the town. The physical setting, time setting and cultural settings are all important parts of this short story, Physical setting is to give the readers a sense of what the environment is for the story. The physical setting for A rose

Human Resource Practices for Proper Manpower- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Practices for Proper Manpower. Answer: Human resource management can be described as the planned approach in the management of employees effectively in terms of their employment. It helps in the establishment of a more, flexible, open as well as caring management style. This helps employees to be motivated, developed and managed in a way which would help them to dedicate their best to meet organization goals and objectives (Chuang, Jackson and Jiang 2017). Proper articulation of vision, mission and values of the organization, developing a proper management plan, proper manpower planning, training and development, service quality enhancement and performance management system all help in maintaining the productivity expected by the organization. However in spite of this certain limitation are faced by human resource practices which will be discussed in the assignments. Effective recommendations will also be provided in shaping SHRM practices which will overcome the limitations and provide the best benefits of the organizat ion. A good number of limitations have been identified with the strategic human resource development practices. Very few of them consider future as an important aspect. As the future is uncertain, different adverse events may take place for which the strategies provided for HRM resource practices are not enough to handle adverse event successfully (Tzabbar, Tzafrir and Baruch 2017). Various technological, political as well as cultural factors may arise which may affect employment opportunities. Therefore the limitation is that management can take it as a guiding factor but cannot rely on them fully. Another limitation is the loss of faith which occurs in existing employees when SHRM intelligently try to handle the imbalance of the surplus manpower by termination, layoff or removal of workers. This can develop a sense of insecurity for which productivity of the existing workers may be affected. The entire practices conducted from the time of manpower needs and their successful establishment in the organization until their fulfilling of job roles requires huge expenditure of finances and human labor along with a large amount of time. The expenses often become a limitation for successful SHRM as the cost becomes a major concern for many companies (Sheehan 2014). Often, successful SHRM systems conduct a proper job by listing employee accomplishments, degrees and certifications in details. A as result, managers are seen to promote depending upon the objective data that the system provides. This has a limitation as it does not encourage the supervisors in taking proper time to get to know different workers on a personal basis as a part of their evaluation about their degree of contribution to the company. Therefore such evaluations are not suitable for acting as guides during making decisions about promotion of employees. Another limitation that has also been noted by many researchers over the year is the half hearted activities conducted by HRN resulting in improper actualization. Many SHRM organizes the training session soft her employees as part of their job activities as a traditional practice irrespective of looking into the genres where employees need training. Therefore, it does not yield proper results although the initiatives are laid down properly. Many companies SHRM does not consider the requirements training needs and accomplishment of the employees and a result the session does not give effective results (Katou et al. 2014). Another limitation also observed is with the management of data. Recent SHRM practices are in supporting huge amount of information about employees starting from their marital status to that of their health records and many others. However many organizations are still not adapted with proper analysis systems in order to sort the data into meaning chunks of information and get the patterns of any concerned topics. Improper presence of advanced software remains a limitation of these practices (McCann et al. 2015). Development of future innovative SHRM initiatives which will help in providing better practices and help overcoming the weakness of the systems: The human resource practices should be based on the principle of development of proper HRM planning that will include analysis of the past, evaluation of the present and preparation for the future threats. The strategic planning of the HR managers should be such that they remain prepared to handle any adverse events- be it political, cultural or financial in ways which will not affect the productivity and reputation of the organization. In order to garner a proper faithful relationship with the existing employees, the traditional trait of control and monitoring of the HRM department should be replaced with trust and commitment building trait by the HR managers (Saridisakis, Lai and Cooper 2017). Change from traditional information asymmetry attribute to knowledge sharing attribute should be inculcated. Not only that, uni-directionality and behavioral consistency should be replaced by reciprocity and cognitive references in the practices to ensure smooth workflow and resolution of conflicts. Proper allocation of resources and funds for a particular employee from the time of its interview sessions to the moments of his allocation, establishment in the organization to until it starts producing productivity to the organization, should be strategically planned beforehand. The organization can properly use its funds without creating overflow its overflow for workers who turn out to be incapable for leave midway causing loss to the entire resources. The SHRM should ensure that the practices they implement do not make the managers use the information during their promoting session of the employees. Rather they should ensure that managers establish personal relationships with the employees to evaluate them and not the information collected by the HM during their recruitment sessions (Sumelius et al. 2014). For this, they can conduct evaluations and surveys form the employee knowing about their personal opinions about the managers. Training sessions should not be led as the regular activities needed to be done. In place the training sessions should be taken as effective areas where the employees needs and requirements would be assessed and accordingly training sessions would be conducted. This would ensure the initiatives of the SHRM to be not half hearted rather for the benefits of the employees and the organization. Proper systems for management and sorting of data about the employees should be conducted so that immediate results of any data requirements can be done. For example, if turnover rates in relation to levels of compensation are to be known, proper approach of data sorting with the help of proper software need to be taken so that the results which are obtained are accurate, within less time and does not have difficulty in generating the reports with proper identified patterns (Hauff, Alewell and Hansen 2014). Different limitations have been identified like inappropriate future ideas, lack of faith in the system of organization by the employees, huge expenses in maintaining employees till productivity is given, information misused by managers, improper training sessions and lack of data sorting methods. All these would be strategically handed so that the main function of the SHRM can be achieved. References: Chuang, C.H., Jackson, S.E. and Jiang, Y., 2016. Can knowledge-intensive teamwork be managed? Examining the roles of HRM systems, leadership, and tacit knowledge.Journal of management,42(2), pp.524-554. Hauff, S., Alewell, D. and Hansen, N.K., 2014. HRM systems between control and commitment: Occurrence, characteristics and effects on HRM outcomes and firm performance.Human Resource Management Journal,24(4), pp.424-441. Katou, A.A., Budhwar, P.S. and Patel, C., 2014. Content vs. process in the HRM?performance relationship: An empirical examination.Human Resource Management,53(4), pp.527-544. McCann, L., Granter, E., Hassard, J. and Hyde, P., 2015. You Can't Do BothSomething Will Give: Limitations of the Targets Culture in Managing UK Health Care Workforces.Human resource management,54(5), pp.773-791. Saridakis, G., Lai, Y. and Cooper, C.L., 2017. Exploring the relationship between HRM and firm performance: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Human Resource Management Review,27(1), pp.87-96. Sheehan, M., 2014. Human resource management and performance: Evidence from small and medium-sized firms.International Small Business Journal,32(5), pp.545-570. Sumelius, J., Bjrkman, I., Ehrnrooth, M., Mkel, K. and Smale, A., 2014. What determines employee perceptions of HRM process features? The case of performance appraisal in MNC subsidiaries.Human Resource Management,53(4), pp.569-592. Tzabbar, D., Tzafrir, S. and Baruch, Y., 2017. A bridge over troubled water: Replication, integration and extension of the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance using moderating meta-analysis.Human Resource Management Review,27(1), pp.134-148.

President And Served In United States Senate-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The President And Served In United States Senate? Answer: Introduction Barack Hussein Obama born on 4th August 1961 was the 44th President from 2009 to 2017 of the United States and American politician. He became the first African American to become the president and served in United States Senate. He is a true leader involved in helping community and possesses qualities of an effective leader. With his perseverance and conviction, during his eight years of tenure, he brought a change in the running of the country and was an inspiring leader. Therefore, the following report deals with the analysis of leadership style of the chosen leader, Barack Obama, leadership theories, organizational change and change management. Barack Obama: Leadership style Barack Obama is the first African American to become the President of United States and set a history to change from Caucasian to Black president bringing about transformation. This rhetoric transformation was possible due to his transformational leadership acted as catalyst for this huge change. He made a change that pushed the Americas tolerance limits for transformation. He broke the racial barrier and became the first black president of United States. His political career started in 1996 in Illinios State Senate and, 2nd November 2004, he won the Senate seat in U.S. and on 5th January 2005, he became the fifth African American to be popularly elected in the U.S. Senate. Finally, on 10th February, 2007 he became accounting President of the United States (Greenstein 2009). The transformational leadership style of Obama played an effective role that unified and contributed to his presidential election. He has the ability to inspire people who would follow the leaders vision that results in the betterment of an individual as well as common people. He exhibited transformational leadership style where he stimulated, motivated and inspired people to work towards a common vision. He believed that his vision would work for the greater good for the people, community and the country as a whole. This leadership style is of great influence in any organization, movement, business, and politics that aid in making people unified towards a common goal though behaviour change. This leadership style is distinct from other styles as it is extended beyond behaviours traits and characteristics. It is about intellect, inspiration and individualized consideration. Obama proposed this inspiration through communication where his intellect reflected through his interaction wit h people with establishment of common vision. His communication skills reflected charisma and therefore, it is foundation of the transformational leadership style (Green and Roberts 2012). According to Nanjundeswaraswamy and Swamy (2014) transformational leaders need to develop and possess skills that are beyond basic administrative capabilities and management like direction, planning and delegation. However, to become a transformation leader, the development of effective communication is important which the primary skill for this leadership style is. The evidence-based approach to transformational leadership is through communication as they have the ability to articulate well and this is the reason Obama became a successful transformational leader (Gliem and Janack 2008). He inspired many people during his presidency and spearheaded change. He transformed many organizations, followers, societies and institutions. His campaign and election both acted beyond symbolic across the globe and showed right results at right time. Like transformational leaders, he also had high aspirations and stimulated innovation. During his tenure, he intellectually stimulated people both supporters and adversaries with his vision. He delivered well on the important dimensions of transformational leadership style through striving for change. He articulated a compelling vision, listening, stimulation of productive dialogue, attending to the needs of his followers, negotiation, rewarding and punishment as appropriate (Quader 2011). Intellectual stimulation is the essential component of transformational leadership to bring about successful change. Obama hinged more on ideas involving emotions and had the potential to stir others emotions (Pepper 2010). He had demonstrated ultimate transformational and charismatic leadership qualities and brought miraculous changes in the country. His leadership helped people to see opportunities where others saw problems and obstacles. He had the confidence to take risks and left no space for any doubts. He always stayed calm and had faith in this work. During his tenure, he created a culture of openness, determination and integrity that permeated through throughout his tenure. He conveyed powerful messages that demonstrated his transformational leadership style. His message conveyed personal empowerment and possibility so that people achieve their goals and work towards the progress of the country by taking the responsibility of taking productivity, performance and profit to a new level. Obama was also a charismatic leader. He words have inspired millions of people and many uninvolved Americans got into the political arena and showed what they can believe in. His greatest strength was not only to inspire people, but also to make them informed and transformed. Therefore, in this way he made transformation inspiration and information to bring into action (Bligh and Kohles 2009). Transformational leadership theory Transformational leadership theory is defined as an approach where leaders bring about change in the individuals as well as in the social systems. This theory explains that there should be positive and valuable change among the followers sharing a common goal. In its authentic form, transformational leaders enhance morale, motivation and performance of the followers. In this way, leaders are able to connect the sense of identity of followers with self-mission and inspiring them and in becoming a role model. This is the reason Obama became a transformation leader who has vision aligned with the needs of the followers. These types of leaders have high expectations and clear goals that were inspiring and far-sighted. His worked with the people and motivated them to create followers who are aspiring to work beyond their capabilities. They have a charismatic appeal and work with people who are devoted to bring about a positive change. He had a consistent vision and mission and guided his followers by giving them a sense of risk taking and challenge. These types of leaders are innovative and creative in nature and stimulate it into people so that they are able to find opportunities instead of viewing problems. This made him a transformational leader where she inspired millions of people and drove the country towards meticulous change. Transformational leaders have effective communication skills and similarly, Obama developed a common vision and communicated this to followers convincingly by fostering trust and inspiring them to take action (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). Criticism of Obamas transformational leadership style Although this leadership style is effective, it has some pitfalls. Transformational leaders greatly accept risks for driving innovation that might turn out to be detrimental and disruptive. Obama tried to bring about change in the healthcare by addressing its problems. However, many observers criticized that he should have not delegated the healthcare to the congressional leaders rather should have joined directly at the personal level. He did not involve in the complex matters that greatly demanded his personal involvement. Although transformation leadership style stir emotions and stimulate intellect in others, Obama failed to do that in the case of healthcare sector where he failed to capitalize his communication skills. The overall impact of his leadership style showed that he was not a completely transformational leader and failed to deploy complex issues personally and strategically (Foss 2017). Charismatic leadership theory Transformational leadership share multiple similarities with charismatic leadership style. Charismatic leadership is defined by the persuasiveness and charm of the leader. They are driven by commitment and convictions to the cause. Leaders are good orators or skilled communicators who are verbally very eloquent, but try to communicate with others on a personal level. They are known to show expertise and devotion with clear vision in politics or business with a highly engaging audience. Obama is also a skilled communicator and exhibited economics rhetoric aspiring millions of people. His communication and connectivity with people of the country exhibited strategies of motivational, inspirational, charismatic and visionary leader promoting shared values, goals in order to improve the lives of people through change and innovation (Northouse 2015). Followers and organizational change Barack Obama was successful in bringing about a season of change when he came to power and established an organization changes to almost every sector. It has to be in a manner that will be the most acceptable by the recipients, the normal public. Needless to say, it could not have been an easy pursuit to enforce organizational change of that magnitude and do not have reluctance and rebellion against compliance in the path, however he could overcome it fluidly with his shrewd political knowledge and charismatic leadership skills (Newsom 2010). Every organization has a unique characteristic culture and when the organizational change threatens the very culture of the organization, the challenges are inevitable. It has to be understood that Barack Obama made history when he became the very first black president of the United States of America, which had been a revolutionary change in itself for the nation who had only seen leadership from a conventional white point of view. Hence, Obama had to overcome a few extra hurdles to remove the orthodox racial misconceptions from the political world and establish himself as a worthy leader; he could do it so beautifully because of his exceptional transformational leadership skills (Northouse 2015). However Obama had motivational and inspirational leadership skills up his sleeves since the very beginning of his career. The former president of USA worked as a community organizer in the 1980s and word has it that his understanding of organizing and managing a community perfectly reflected in his leadership style as he attempted to organize and manage the USA. Many of the critics have always discussed about charismatic leadership theory when discussing Obama, however the transformational leadership aspects of his working style cannot be overlooked (Daft 2014). According to the stage theory of organizational change, there are definite and specific stages or step through which any particular organizational change is brought about and in order to establish sustainable change management a leader must focus into smoothing out each of those steps. The theory of transformational leadership speaks of creating an optimistic and inspiration vision about the outcome of the change, Barack Obama could do it effortlessly with his supreme farsightedness and expertise in leadership and political management (Quader 2011). President Obama had the thirst for power like any other political leader, but what could have set him apart is that he used that desire to generate a vision of a unified nation. It works together towards the betterment of the society. He adapted all modern technologies he could to drive his point across and never lost sight of his vision, neither let any of his followers would do, which is what enabled him to overcome any hurdle that he e ncountered along his path for success. Change management Bringing an organizational change requires a myriad of different skills; successful change management is on the top of that list for any motivational political leader. As president Obama attempted to break all the conventional political stereotypes in his career one brick at a time, change management skills have been a vital strength in his armour. One of the key attributes of Obama that has been appreciated throughout his career is his shrewd farsightedness. He interpreted very early in his career that with the unified vision of a transformed America he had with equality and innovation at the focal point, he had to invest any and all resources he might had. Hence, he anchored the need for change in the young generation to his benefit and utilized any technology he could get his hands on to drive across his vision to the entire nation (Edwards III 2012). Everyone strives for change, and with dire need of equality and justice that America had been in, Obama and his transformational vi sion received a magnanimous response from the citizen. Communication is considered to be one of the greatest foundations on which the theory of change management is established. President Obama utilized his charismatic communication skills to motivate the entire nation to see his vision and feel his desire for absolute transformation in every sector. The development and growth in both technological, societal and economic aspects that USA saw in his time bears the conspicuous proof of the phenomenal success Obama attained for is leadership and change management strategies (Johansen 2012). Conclusion There are a myriad of different leadership styles and different political leaders took the aid of different leadership styles. In case of Barack Obama, the key to his success had been his transformational and charismatic leadership skills. He had an insatiable thirst for power and a vision to morph USA into a nation that has exceptional technological and societal developments all the while having equality and justice as core strengths. Obama never let the power and position influence his ideals and principles and he never underestimated the abilities of his citizen to facilitate change. These leadership qualities helped him remain a peoples president throughout his career giving him an enviable support from his followers glorifying him as one of the exceptional leaders for the coming generation to look up to. References Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Bligh, M.C. and Kohles, J.C., 2009. The enduring allure of charisma: How Barack Obama won the historic 2008 presidential election.The Leadership Quarterly,20(3), pp.483-492. Daft, R.L., 2014. The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Edwards III, G.C., 2012. Overreach: Leadership in the Obama presidency. Princeton University Press. Foss, S.K., 2017.Rhetorical criticism: Exploration and practice. business law. Gliem, D.E. and Janack, J.A., 2008. A portrait of a transformational leader: An analysis of text and image on BarackObama. com.American CommuniBarack Obama: Leadership styleD. and Roberts, G.E., 2012. Transformational leadership in a postmodern world: The presidential election of Barack Obama.Academy of Strategic Management Journal,11(1), p.9. Greenstein, F.I., 2009.The presidential difference: Leadership style from FDR to Barack Obama. Princeton University Press. Johansen, R., 2012. Leaders make the future: Ten new leadership skills for an uncertain world. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Nanjundeswaraswamy, T.S. and Swamy, D.R., 2014. Leadership styles. Advances in management,7(2), p.57. Newsom, T., 2010. Developing African-American leaders in today's schools: Gifted leadership, the unfamiliar dimension in gifted education. Black History Bulletin, 73(1), p.18. Northouse, P.G., 2015. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Pepper, K., 2010. Effective principals skillfully balance leadership styles to facilitate student success: A focus for the reauthorization of ESEA.Planning and Changing,41(1/2), p.42. Quader, M.S., 2011. Perception of leadership styles and trust across cultures and gender: A comparative study on Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton.South Asian Journal of Management,18(2), p.30.

Religious Convictions Varied Views of Sayyid Qutb, Abd al Wahhab and John Wesley

Throughout the course of history, some individuals have actively engaged in doing things that have made a huge impact to our collective human history. From Jesus Christ to Adolf Hitler, these individuals have inspired the thoughts of many, leaving an indelible mark on the world stage.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Religious Convictions: Varied Views of Sayyid Qutb, Abd al Wahhab and John Wesley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Undoubtedly, these individuals have utilized all kinds of means – good or bad – in their pursuit to influence the masses and transform their way of thinking (Farrell, 2001 p. 32). It is the purpose of this essay to critically analyze Sayyid Qutb, Mohammed ibn Abd al Wahhab and John Wesley in the context of reformers, revolutionaries and reactionaries. Sayyid Qutb represent the most mistaken and evil position. Due to his fundamentalism, Qutb can easily pass as â€Å"the ideological grandfather of Osama bin Laden and other extremists who surround him† (Cline, 2009 p. 1). Indeed, many analysts believe that Qutb’s works and teachings as a poet, author and educator helped shape terrorist organizations such as the Taliban and Al Qaeda. These networks have continued to destabilize the world peace to date. Although Sayyid’s political views seems rather mature, his philosophy and radicalism is largely responsible for espousing the concept of Jihad and the enactment of Sharia law that is viewed as dictatorial. Indeed, he is to blame for contemporary offensive jihad. He wanted to revolutionalize Islam by incorporating every aspect of life into the religion (Cline, 2009 p. 2). Each of the three men cherished different hopes for the future. Clearly a fundamentalist, Sayyid Qutb would have cherished to see a world where there were no governments or secular laws since they interfered with the sovereignty of God (Cline, 2009 p. 2). In short, he cherished a world where Sharia law will guide every single aspect of life of Muslims. He was anti-modernist and anti-reformist, and detested democracy despite its mention and practice in the Quranic institution. Mohammed ibn Abd al Wahhab, considered by many as the chief architect of Wahhabism, would have cherished to purify Islam by leading the Muslim faithful towards the original principles and doctrines of Islam (HIF, n.d. para. 12). He propagated reformist ideas, but disliked Muslims who practiced innovation in Islam. In short, Abd al Wahhab would have cherished to see a Muslim society that is free of corrupt beliefs, and that engages in practices which reflects the true fundamentals of Islam. John Wesley, a Christian theologian and the founder of the Methodist movement, would have cherished to see a Christian society where all faithful possess Christian perfection, signifying the holiness of both heart and life (Tomkins, 2003 p. 32). He wanted to see a Christian community th at held the love of God in high esteem. Wesley would also have cherished a just society judging by the fact that he fought for the rights of gays and prisoners.Advertising Looking for assessment on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Of the three men, only John Wesley contributed to the emergence of democracy. Sayyid Qutb propagated dictatorial orientations, and even advocated for the dissolution of governments (Cline, 2009 p. 1). He was a religious fundamentalist who wanted to tie every single aspect of life of individuals to religion through strict Sharia laws. Indeed, he was finally executed by the Egyptian government due to his hard-line stance on religious and secular matters, and could not stand the secular lifestyle practiced in western countries. Although Abd al Wahhab was a reformist, his democratic orientation was not any different. He could not stand the sight of his Muslim brothers who chose to prac tice an alternative form of Islam known as innovative Islam, preferring to call them infidels (HIF, n.d. para. 15). However, John Wesley clearly contributed to the emergence of democracy. First, he was viewed as controversial when he went public advocating for the rights of gay members of society (Tomkins, 2003 p. 34). Although homosexual behavior is largely viewed as unchristian, the Anglican cleric went ahead to advocate for their rights in accordance to democratic principles. He went further to advocate for prison reforms in the United Kingdom. John Wesley was a true champion of the rights and freedoms of the people as he went further to advocate for the rights of abolitionism movements (Tomkins, 2003 p. 39). Contextually, Wesley did not despise sinners or unbelievers the way Qutb and Abd al Wahhab did, but welcomed them into the kingdom of God with open arms. John Wesley’s contribution to democracy was unintended in as far as the available literature seems to suggest. His was a spiritual vocation that was practiced in a democratic and open approach rather than a democratic calling practiced in a spiritual approach. Wesley greatly assisted in the formation and organization of Christian communities in the UK for evangelical and discipleship purposes (Tomkins, 2003 p. 23). However, according to available literature, the Anglican cleric was a greatly gifted individual who advocated for equal rights of all people, including gays. Democratic principles advocates for the guaranteeing of the rights of majority while ensuring that the rights of the minority are safeguarded (Chalfant, 1997 p. 128). This is what the cleric did albeit unknowingly.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Religious Convictions: Varied Views of Sayyid Qutb, Abd al Wahhab and John Wesley specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All in all, the three men had their personal and religious convictions, beliefs and philosophie s that galvanized them to their followers. The impact of their religious teachings is still felt today, with Jihads and terrorist networks clearly following the teachings of Sayyid Qutb and contemporary Methodists following the teachings and religious doctrines of John Wesley. Wahabism is also a way of life for many Muslims around the world today. However, only John Wesley practiced and contributed to the emergence of democracy. List of References Chalfant, J. (1997) Abandonment Theology. Hartline Marketing. ISBN: 0965607402 Cline, A. (2009) Sayyid Qutb: Father of Modern Islamic Extremism. Viewed  https://www.learnreligions.com/sayyid-qutb-modern-islamic-extremism-250229 [5 December 2009] Farrell, W. (2001) The Myth of Male Power. Berkley Trade. ISBN: 9780425181447 Hidaayah Islamic Foundation. (n.d.) Wahabism Exposed: Sheikh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al Wahhab. Viewed  http://www.sultan.org/articles/wahabism.html [5 December 2009] Tomkins, S. (2003) John Wesley: A Biography. Michi gan: WM. B. Eardmans Publishing. ISBN: 0802824994 This assessment on Religious Convictions: Varied Views of Sayyid Qutb, Abd al Wahhab and John Wesley was written and submitted by user Daphne Barry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Combating Commodity Price Volatility In Australia

Combating Commodity Price Volatility In Australia Introduction It has been the wish of the France president to come up with collective solutions that have the ability of reducing excessive commodity price volatility. This is particularly in agricultural as well as energy product prices. This has been placed as being the first priority due to its effects on food security and world growth. The G20 has been the best forum for dealing with price volatility issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Combating Commodity Price Volatility In Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because; the major stakeholders of oil and agricultural products markets are all G20 members. The France presidency has concentrated more on energy and agricultural products, whereby they want to improve regulations dealing with product financial markets. This is because such markets have been having no harmonized rules and regulations. Some of them even have no basic rules that govern mar ket abuse as well as price manipulation (Ambafrance-jp.org. 2011,) France also wants to increase transparency in markets for physical commodities. This is based on the fact that ,there isn’t no international data stating the supply and demand trends that can be termed as reliable, â€Å"on commodities markets hamper prices formation and increases volatility† (Ambafrance-jp.org. 2011). Another strategy proposed by French presidency is preventing and managing food crisis. The first response is increasing the supply of agricultural commodities in developing countries. However, the current food crisis have been stated to be as a result of lack of an international organization entitled with the responsibility of providing responses from governments, apart from channelling unilateral measures that are counterproductive. The usage of emergency and strategic food stocks in prevention of food crisis will only be successful, if and only if it is coordinated at the international level. Last but not least, â€Å"Stronger hedging instruments to protect the poor populations against excessive price volatility,† (Haig, 1966) is another strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Being the president, France has been exploring different ways through which poor nations can be advantaged by the current financial insurance tools, which have the ability of protecting such countries from price hiking as well as events that impact harvests. To better recognize these strategies, G20 ought to copy what the Australia has dealt with price volatility. Price Shocks in Australia Although many studies have indicated that Australia experienced huge commodity price shocks just like other developing countries, it has been proved that, the government curbed volatility in a better way. In Australia, price shocks brought lots of impacts on resource allocation, di stribution as well as development in the last century. In combating such commodity price volatility, studies have argued the significance of tariffs, which aimed at offsetting industrialisation forces which originated from price volatility, and the significance of revenue booms to attain accumulation, and revenue burst in spending. Though the country has undergone greater commodity price volatility; especially between 1870 to1939, as compared to Latin American, Asian countries, Middle East as well as European periphery. But with such tools at hand, they were able to combat the situation. Since 1939, Australian price volatility has not been greater than other countries like US (Corden Gruen, 1970). According to available statistics from (Cashin McDermott, 2002) it has been revealed that, wool was the dominant export product. This is because, of the 70% of Australian export, 50 percent of them were made up of wool. Therefore, price shocks have been as a result of wool prices, even t hough mining and agricultural commodities had similar trends according to Gregory, (1976). However, wool price effects claimed a dominant position. On the other hand, the current booms have been as a result of mining and residual sector. As a result, wool and agriculture seem to be having no effects on the current commodity price volatility (Gregory, 1976) In addition, the category of residual export has been used in offsetting volatility in agricultural, mining and wool commodities. In the 20th century, the time Australia got industrialized, the export mix transformed to manufactures. As a result, though commodity price volatility was still an attribute of Australia, but its effects diminished in the 20th century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Combating Commodity Price Volatility In Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This reduction is as a result of industrialization and post industrialization forces; â⠂¬Å"first, reducing export concentration, and raising the manufacturing export share and second, reducing the relative size of agriculture and mining activity in the economy, both serving to mute the impact of export price volatility in Australian markets† (Gregory, 1976) The Response of Australian Markets on Price Volatility By looking at structural change index and SCHEMP index, we can conclude that in those three price shocks that Australia underwent, there exists no significant difference in structural change during downsizing and upsizing. This has been attributed to secular manufacturing increase; commodity price volatility had very little effects on either deindustrialization or reindustrialization (Koren Tenreyro 2007). The major reasons that could have resulted to such a scenario are two. One lays on â€Å"development of fundamentals and favouring manufacturing, which completely swamped the impact of the commodity price shocks between 1945 and 1955† (Maddock, McLean, 1987). The second reason is based on market factors which did not play its allocative role as expected. The two reasons do not compete in any way, as similar situation seem to have happened in the recent mining price volatility. However, the â€Å"only exception to this rule appears to have been the 1920s where there does seem to be evidence of deindustrialisation on the commodity price upswing and reindustrialisation on the downswing† (Cashin McDermott, 2002) By looking at the factors that suppressed deindustrialization during price boom and reindustrialisation during price slumps, one might be confused in determining whether it was development basic which swamped the effects of price volatility or it were immobility factors (Koren Tenreyro, 2007). In 20th century, Australian immigration boom occurred; however, it occurred five years after the price boom. Though some parts of Australia like Queensland had specialized heavily on agricultural and wool products, high immigration rates were only reported in Western Australia. Moreover, higher immigration rates in this region, occurred during price burst, as compared to boom prices times.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, immigration never played any role in price volatility. In general, labour markets have not yet responded sufficiently in the creation of industrialization and reindustrialisation in commodity price volatility (Hatton Williamson, 1998). By considering unemployment rate behaviours, price booms should have led to low unemployment rates and higher employment rates. This would have been the outcome in case labour would have been immobile. In case labour was mobile, then the rates would have been the same in the entire country. By looking at available statistics, it proves that labour was immobile. Major parts of the country that were mostly affected by price shocks experienced different rates during commodity price volatility. However, such differences can’t be predicted, as they seem to be ambiguous (Hatton Williamson 1998). In general, the labour market of Australia didn’t respond to commodity price volatility as they were inconsistent with conventional the ory predictions. There exist very little prove of industrial response along with structural change during price volatility. This suggests that, â€Å"long run economic fundamentals were swamping them. In addition, we find very little evidence that labour markets were responsive to these price shocks; labour migration during commodity price booms and busts was modest and inconsistent† (Maddock. McLean, 1987) Policy Reaction to Price Volatility in Australia There have been arguments that during commodity price volatility, higher tariffs were used to protect industries. As a result, price booms resulted to higher revenues, which were then used for infrastructural investments in the country, particularly in the industrialised estates (Anderson, 1987). Statistics shows that, tariffs increased sharply in Australia during commodity price booming. It is stated by Lloyd (2008) that, in 1921, â€Å"Customs Tariff increased on industries that had grown during World War I; the tariffs met with very little resistance as the proponents of protectionism used defence and national pride in the young manufacturing sector as additional justifications for protection† (Lloyd, 2008). In addition, the move was also supported by export booming states, as they appealed for fairness in the country. However, tariffs continued to increase during depression, and even after price burst. This was following the proposal made by (Brigden, 1925) that protection was raising wages, living standards as well as raising the level of employees working in high wage jobs. This proposal ended up being implemented as a way of redistributive instrument. One brief existed during Korean War, but great increase in duties happened in 1951-1952. However, it has been argued that tariff rate increase was as a result of an increase on dutiable goods import as compare to free import goods, other than a rise in tariff rates. The increase in imports was being paid for by great raise in demand for com modity export of Australia. However, such payment stopped immediately the boom termination occurred (Lloyd, 2008). It should however be understood that protection need went down; by the time Australia was entering post-industrial development stage. As a result, the service sector ended up becoming the most important sector either in employment or GDP shares. The outcome of this was, â€Å"the support for protecting manufacturing jobs to maintain high living standards faded. There was across-the-board cut in tariff rates in 1973 and the trend continued till the current boom† (Anderson 1987). In short, the response of the federal government to price shocks or volatility by raising tariffs, with the aim of preventing manufacturing unemployment as well as deindustrialisation was brought up by politicians as they though it will matter. In particular, this was during 1920s, the time when manufacturing sector was closely linked to national pride, defence and fairness. Apart from pre venting deindustrialisation, the policies of protectionists served the country well as a toll of reindustrialisation during depression times. However, the need for such policies ended up declining by the time the manufacturing sector was undergoing post war boom effects and in the recent past when the service industry was becoming one of the most significant industry (Brigden, 1925) It is true that the Australian government was enjoying revenue gains during export price booms. However, as stated earlier, revenues didn’t fall after boom, or during price burst. This suggests that the income revenues for the federal government were diversified appropriately to deal with the effects of price volatility of certain commodities. In addition, available evidence proves that, payment shares to both states and subsidies went up at this time. This suggests that, there were some efforts aiming at smoothening regional effects on downside of price volatility. It is stated that â€Å"The re venue growth rate during the Korean War almost doubled from 6.9 to 12.3 percent on either side of 1950, showing how unimportant commodity prices were as a determinant of government revenues by mid-century† (Bambrick, 1973) The recent price boom also led to an increase in government revenue and an increase in share transfer. This has been attributed to the goods and service tax (GST) introduction in 2000. This has been much helpful particularly in eliminating not only territorial and states taxes, but also in the elimination of levies and duties. However, with this policy it was aimed that the federal government will have to â€Å"return that revenue proportion to its states through the Council of Australian Government mechanism† (Corden Gruen1970). As a result the current redistributive share is not as an effect of conscious redistribution strategy, which is accelerated by commodity price volatility, though they are consistent. By comparing government investment growth during price booming, and revenue growth, studies have identified a higher government investment. As a result, studies have attributed this to expenditure smoothing policy. However, during price slumps government investments particularly in infrastructure sector collapsed. This fell has been attributed to fell in revenue growth. This can hardly explain the stabilization policy, but can easily explain the contrary. This brings us to the point that, there is no prove that, the Australian government used investment as way of dealing with commodity price volatility that occurred in 1920s (Koren Tenreyro 2007). During Korean War similar policy response occurred however, this time round government investment grew spectacularly, as compared to 1920s boom’s growth. At this time, the infrastructure sector like roads experienced drastic growth. However, government investment growth in other sectors like education has remained unmatched in the modern history of Australia. By looking a t the downside that occurred after 1920s and 1950s commodity price burst, it has been observed that government investment growth went down. â€Å"In contrast, the recent commodity price boom coincided with drop in aggregate government investments† (Bodie, Kane Marcus, 1999). This break can be explained by the government role ideological shifts, other than viewing it in terms of expenditure smoothening over commodity price volatility. However, the best evidence that will prove Australian policy response historical determination is the government’s response on the collapsing metal base prices. Conclusion With the strategies laid down by the Australian federal government, commodity price volatility that affected major product exports in developing countries, never impacted Australia greatly as compared to other countries, be it on aggregates like GDP or unemployment. This is not because the Australian markets were in a position of responding to external forces. But becau se, revenue was coming from many different sources, though some studies have refuted this point claiming that the Australian government didn’t use countercyclical investment policy to the maximum. Another reason that seems to have prevented greater impact was the fact that, the country was in a position to diversify revenue sources, hence mute the effects of price volatility. This is because, diversification â€Å"made the difference – a big and growing industrial sector before about 1970, and a big and growing service sector after about 1970. More efficient factor markets and better institutions didn’t seem to matter much at all† (Kose Reizman, 2001). List of References Ambafrance-jp.org. 2011, G20-G8 France. Web. Anderson, K. 1987, â€Å"Tariffs and the manufacturing sector,† in Maddock, R. McLean, I (eds.). The Australian Economy in the Long Run. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bambrick, S. 1973. â€Å"Australian Price Levels, 1890-197 0,† Australian Economic History Review. 13(1), PP. 57-71. Bodie, Z., Kane A. Marcus, A. 1999. Investments. Sydney: Irwin McGraw Hill. Brigden, J. 1925, â€Å"The Australian tariff and the standard of living,† Economic Record. 1(1), PP. 29-46. Cashin, P. McDermott, J. 2002, â€Å"Riding on the Sheep’s Back: Examining Australia’s Dependence on Wool Exports† Economic Record. 78(242), PP. 249-63. Corden, W. Gruen, F. 1970, â€Å"A Tariff That Worsens the Terms of Trade.† In.MacDougall, A. Snape, R. (eds.). Studies in International Economics. Amsterdam: North Holland. Gregory, R. 1976, â€Å"Some Implications of the Growth of the Mining Sector.† Australian 30 Journal of Agricultural Economics. 20(2), PP. 71–91. Haig, B. 1966, Estimates of Australian real product by industry. Australian Economic Papers. 5(7), PP. 230-50. Hatton, T. Williamson, G. 1998. The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact. Oxford: Oxford Univers ity Press. Koren, M. Tenreyro, S. 2007, â€Å"Volatility and Development,† Quarterly Journal of Economics.122(1), pp. 243-287. Kose, M. Reizman, R. 2001, â€Å"Trade Shocks and Macroeconomic Fluctuations in Africa,† Journal of Development Economics. 65(1), pp. 55-80. Lloyd, P. 2008, â€Å"100 Years of Tariff Protection in Australia†. Australian Economic History Review. 48(2), pp. 99-145. Maddock, R. McLean, I. 1987, The Australian Economy in the Long Run. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

To Err is Human

To Err is Human To Err is Human To Err is Human By Maeve Maddox If you are an American speaker, you probably pronounce the word err to rhyme with air. Although American, I went to school to nuns from Newfoundland; I learned to pronounce err to rhyme with fur, as in Pope’s verse, â€Å"To err is human; to forgive, divine.† Literally, â€Å"to err† means â€Å"to wander or go astray from a marked path.† The noun error originally meant â€Å"the act of wandering.† Nowadays, both words are used only figuratively. One meaning of err is â€Å"to go wrong in judgment or opinion†: IPCC scientist and Pennsylvania State University professor of meteorology Michael Mann [said], Many scientists felt that report erred by underplaying the degree of confidence in the linkage between climate change and certain types of severe weather In a religious context, â€Å"to err† means â€Å"to go astray† or â€Å"to sin†: Affluence causes people to err from the Truth. False teachers cause the faithful to err by their ignorance. Err rarely occurs in everyday speech except in the idiom â€Å"to err on the side of caution†: We cancelled a trip to California this month because of uncertainty over the safety of flying. I’d rather err on the side of caution. I’d rather doctors erred on the side of caution than risk a fatality. â€Å"To err on the side of caution† means, â€Å"to make the mistake of being more careful than necessary, rather than make the mistake of not taking sufficient precautions and later regretting it.† The American pronunciation of err to rhyme with air is the source of spelling errors: There doesn’t seem to be a true consensus on whether a UV filter is absolutely necessary for your lens. However I would rather air on the side of caution and have one. When unsure if crossing a public boundary that may create feelings of discomfort, it is best to air on the side of caution and simply send a private message. With rabies, ALWAYS  air on the side of caution. Another common error with err is semantic. Some speakers seem to think that â€Å"on the side of† in the expression â€Å"to err on the side of caution† means â€Å"to be on the side of,† or â€Å"to prefer† or â€Å"to show preference toward.† These speakers substitute other nouns for caution, with some interesting results: I tend to  err on the side of sports  car tires v rated or higher for the best grip. A standard television gives about 35 ftL. Big cinemas are about 15ftL. Definitely err on the side of television. I like both [cats and dogs] but I’d err on the side of dogs. Hide behind your money, boys. Mayor Bloomberg will always err on the side of wealth. I’ve also seen: err on the side of misery and guilt err on the side of disappointment err on the side of intelligence Two ways to avoid errors with the verb err: 1. Always end the phrase â€Å"err on the side of† with the word caution. 2. Remember the alternative pronunciation that makes err rhyme with fur. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply with50 Types of PropagandaPersonification vs. Anthropomorphism